Improvement in machines for shearing nut-blanks from bars



4 Sheets--Sheet 1.

` w. H. IVENS. Machines for Shearing Nut-Blanks from Bars.

Paten'ted Aug. 11,1874.

I @im 4 Sheets--Sheet 2.

, W. H. IVENS. Machines for Shearing Nut-Blanks from Bars.

Patented Aug. 11,1874.

TIE GRAPIUC C0 PHOTO Ll 1r( 39S. 4l PARK PLACE,N.Y.

4 Shee'ts--Sheet 3.`

Patented Aug.'11,18'.74.

IVENS.

Machines for Shearing Nut-Blanks from Bars.

THE GRAPHIC C0. PH DTO'LIT'LBS 4l PARK PLACE, KY.

4 Sheets--Sheet 4.

Machines forY Shearng Nut-Blanks from B'ar's.

In vehr.

y M/M M? UNITED STATES' JPATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM E. IvENs, 0E TEENTON, NEW .IEEsEr |MP-RovEMENT |N MACHINES FoasHEARlNG NUT-Blanks FROM BARS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 154.049, dated August 11, 1874 application iiled April 14, 1874.

To all whom it may concern: l

V Beit known that I, WILLIAM H. IvENs, of Trenton, in Mercer county and State of New Jersey, have invented Improvements in a Combined Punching and Shearing Machine, a

of which the following` is a specification:

In the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, (on Sheet 1,) Figure 1 represents a central longitudinal Vertical section of the machine. Fig.2 isa transverse vertical section taken on the line y y on Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a top view of the machine. Figs'l 4, 4', 4" are, respectively, an inverted face' view and a front and side elevation of the lower portion of the plunger and its attachments. Figs. 5, 5', 5" are, respectively, a plan,.front elevation, and section, on the line z on Figs'. 5 and 5', of the die-block. Fig. 6 is Aaninverted face view of the l plunger used for cutting blanks, showing the diagonal arrangement of the clamp for holding the punch. Figs. 7 and 8 are face views of the fixed and `movable parts of the clutch. y on the line w w of Fig. 7. On Sheet 2, Figs. l and 2 represent a frontr and side elevation, respectively, of the punch and die. Fig. 3 is a plan of the sectional die. Fig. 4 shows detached views of a solid shearing-die fand punch. Figs. 5, 6, and 7 represent, respec tively, a plan and two vertical sections (at right angles to each other) of a wedge device -for adjusting the elevation of the plungeryand to compensate for the wear of the die and the punch. O11 Sheets 3 and 4 is represented a' balanced eccentric adjustment for regulating the elevation of the plunger. Sheet 3) is a front elevation of the eccentric or compensatingmeans of adjustment. Fig."2

isa vertical section ofthe same, `taken on the line 'v on Fig. 1. Fig.`3 is a plan of thersame.

Figs. 4 to 10, inclusive, are detached views of( the several operating parts thereof. Figs. I, 2, and 3 (on Sheet 4) showrespectively, a

front and 'side elevation and plan of the eccentric adjustment, with a modified'means of operating the same. Figs. 4, 5, and 6 represent, respectively, a vertical section, aplan,

and a side elevation, showing the application of the same adjustment to the upper end of the pitman at its connection with the eccentric neck of the main shaft D.

Fig. 9 is a cross-section:

Fig. l (on y This invention embraces an improved combi nation, in which a differential movement of any desired degree may be communicated from` the driving-shaft to the rams, through the eccentric orcam shaft or shafts, by simpler, more powerful, and less expensive means than those heretofore used for that purpose; also, a diagonal arrangement 'of the clamp for holding the punch in the plunger or ram, whereby a straight `tool of square steel may be used, and the necessity of forging and fitting, :as hereto# fore, is avoided. Furthermore, the application of shearingvknives, in combination with a rest and clamping-toes, for cutting and holding `the blank 'while being punched, and a novel construction of clutch in combination with` the diiferential levers, to insure their engagement `in proper position to dispense power` when needed, and speed, when power is not required.' Theinvention also consists in a novel combination of gearing with a slotted lever and eceentricallyfarranged axes, and vertically or `horizontally reciprocating cutterheads; and 4in a die` constructed 'in sections, for the convenience of adjustment or removal for repair,theseveral `sections of which supporting eachother when clamped `in the die -bed. Furthermore, ina simpleand convenwhereby therelative `distance of said `two Vpoints may be'cxtended or -shortenedasde .siredg and in the Acombination off`eccentrics encircling eachother within the eye of the pitinan, andgeared so as to ybe rotated simultaneously in reverse dlrections, whereby,

Vin raising or lowering the ram, its connection V#with Vfthe v`pitman shall be at all times vertically central.

I willnowl describe the machine in detail by referring tothe drawings, in'which the same letters occurring on severaliigures indicate like parts.

A represents j the body ofthe machine,

which consists of a heavy solid block of metal,with upward extensions A', Which constitute guides andbearings forthe punch-hold ers or rams B, `and the eccentric operating shafts C; also, other upward extensions, A, which constitute supports for the drivingshaft D. On the upper face or anvil portion of thebodyA is seated a die, E, of` suitable form and construction for `the character of work to be performed, and on the under face of the ram B are attached suitable knives,`

punches, or shears, p p, to co-operate with the die-block q, tovprodu'ce the desired articlef orv result, which cutting and shaping devices will be hereinafter more fully described.

In the first yplace I provide vfor a derential movement of the plunger B by arranging the and by shortening the leverage on the eccen` tric shaft G in the return motion, when there is no resistance, a quicker travel is obtained, and consequently much time saved.

A The die E, used in this machine for cutting nut-blanks 'from' the bar, is formed with its transverse cutting-edges aa. inclined in opposite directions, so as to effect a 'shearing cut by` their operationr in connection with a fiatfaced'die or punch, which is performed with much less expenditure of power than when a direct cut is made by parallel cutting-edges of the ram andl die, and the blank being formed is kept fiat bythe face of the punch'while the shearing is performed. Preferablyl construct the die in sections, asrepresentedv in Fig. 3, Sheet 3, the cutting edges or sides a a being of rectangular form, kwith the exception of their' upper surfaces, which are inclined in opposite directions, asbefore stated. These sections are supported by side pieces a a/U, which are formed with'shoulders for the cutting-sides a a to rest against, and which determine their .distance apart. VThese four'sections, heilig seatedin the' die-holder, are clamped together and "adjusted into 'position for cooperation withfthe punch c by means of the. screws b',

, ,so that by slackening'said screws the sections a a. maybe readily removed for grinding when :their edges becomeworn'.' The punch for cutlting the bar into nut-blanks is a straight recti angular piece of steel, secured to the ram by a diagonally-arranged clamp, H, by which ar-y rangement of the clamp or holding device the l'usual forging of the punch, so as to set its face-angles diagonally to "those'of its shank,

y `is avoided, and a more perfect-fitting punch `is obtained by cutting the proper length from a bar of rolled steel than can be after several hours labor in forging and fitting, as required by the common arrangement of the holdingclamp. Thus the cost of making a punch of rectangular form is reduced to al minimum, and

Vmuch time saved inthe running of the machine. To the lowerV portion of the ram B, on oppositesides, transversely to the length of the barbeilrg operated on, are jattachedverl tical pendants d, which, by the inclined or wedge formation of their lower ends, in the descent of the ram B, operate on the toe'or sliding pieces c to force them inward, while the cutters p p on the other two sides co-o'p- ,s n

eratef to secure the blankall around, and prevent it from splitting while being punched.

' Thejmachine'may also be used for forming hexagonal or polygonal nuts, for which purpose I rst take a circular die with opposite hsides or surfaces inclined as represented in Fig. 4, Sheet 3, the diameter of such'circular die being equal to, or slightly greater than, the circumscribing circle of the polygon to be formed. The blank formed by this first operation is then submitted to the action of another punch or shear and die, 'by which segments of the circle. first formed are severed or shaved on", leaving the desired polygon, by

which process but very little metal has to beremoved in the second operation, and a more perfect article is produced in two operations than by threev when the blank is first cut rectangular, leaving large corners to be severed by the second die, after which a rough blank l is the result, requiring to be shaved by a third operation to obtain a merchantable article.

l The female portion of the clutch used in'this machine is formed with a shoulder, f, around about one-fourth of its periphery, `and between the two jaws f', Fig. 8, on one side only, and the other or' male portion, Figs. 7 and 9, is formed with a projection, g, onl the periphery of one of its interlocking sides, which projection rides the shoulder f and jaws f', until it is inproper position relatively to the levers F G to engage with the female portion, Fig.

'8, of the clutch, to effect the purpose before described. This clutch may be applied to one or both sides of the combined machine, and is operatedto throw it into or out of gear by the ordinary forked lever s, `orany other suitable device.

In place of the ordinary' dies I prefer'to use knives p, Fig. 4, Sheet 1, shaped with inclined cutting-edges, as theyl are less expensive and more Yeasily detached for sharpening or repair.

These kniies' co-operate with a restl or block, q,to shear off the blank from the bar, `and to remove the necessary amount of waste` from its end,I by which double cnt the blank is held hat on the rest or block q while being severed from said bar, which operation is performed with much-less expenditure Vof powerkv than when the vcutting edges are parallel. The knives pp areattached'by bolts n to downward extensions of the holder P, which is connected with theram B-by dovitafl, the bolts n resting in grooves on the under side of thel said downward extensions, so 'that by loosening the nuts n the bolts, with the knivesY they secure, are freed from the lholderV P'for repair or renewal.

To compensate for the wear, by use and grinding, of the dies' and cutters, I provide a means of adjustment of the elevation ofthe plunger, consisting of an eccentric sleeve, t,- Sheet 4, Fig. 4, encircling' a rotating eccentric boss, t', in the plunger B, and passing through the eye of the pitman I, whereby, by the rol, tation, of these two eccentrics in opposite directions simultaneously, by meansi of the worms j j' and worm-wheels i i', the elevation of the plunger B may be adjusted without de-` stroyingthe centralfposition of its connectioni and boss, necessarily have a motionvertically and laterally in their rotation, and inorder to retain the worms j j' 'in proper gear with them, the worms are hung in a frame, k, which has a vibrating motion around the common axes of the two eccentrics, and a rising and falling motion by its connection with the dovetailed slides l. Y Y i On Sheet 4, Figs. 4, 5, and-6,.the worms j j are represented as geared together by spurwheels m,- and in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, by a transverse shaft, fn, carrying rightA andleft worms n' n", gearing with wormwheels n'" 12"" on the axles of the worms jj', which latter, al-` though somewhat slower in its operation, is preferable, for the reason that itis not as lia` ble to beV deranged by the jarring movment of the plunger; and when the desired elevation is attained said worm-shaft a may be rigidly clamped by the crank-lever j".

Another 4mode of `adjustment is shown in Figs. 5, 6, and 7 on Sheet 2, which, for a lower grade of machines, maybe used, as being less expensive than that above described, and than the double-wedge adjustment heretofore used.

This means of adjustment consists of an in` clined formation of the lower end of the stub L, through which the pitman-I is connected with the ram or plunger B, and a wedge, N, of corresponding inclination, having an inclined sliding dovetailed connection with the former, and a horizontal dovetailed -connection with the latter or plunger B 5 which wedge is operated to adjust the elevation of the plunger by the screw s' gearing with the nut s" in the plunger and with saidwedge, by which dovetailed connection of the wedge withboth stub and ram the parts may be either extended or contracted by the operation of the screw s' alone.

The bar of iron, which is of suitable width,

and thickness for the blank desired, is caused -to rest on the guide or support w, which is sustained by aspring, so that, when the blank is severed from said bar, the guide w is depressed until the. ram B ascends,when the spring. will force the bar -to the properlevel to be again pushed forward for. a repetition of the operation, and in which `motion the blank -I'ireviously formed is pushed'from under the ram into its proper receptacle.

What `is here claimed,V and desired to bese- `cured by Letters Patent, is

1. The driving-Sima D and band or gear wheel, arranged eccentrically between the operatingfshafts C, in combination with the leovers .F Gr,V shafts C, pitmen I, and rams B, substantially as shown and described.

` 2. The arrangement ofthe clamping device `H diagonally to the angles ofthe ram, for securingV the punch thereto, as and for the purl pose set forth.

3. The combination of the wedge-formed lside pieces d d and slidingtoe-pieces e e, with .the rest q, and Vdiagonal shears p p', for cut- Vtin g and clamping the .nut-blank while being punched, and the 'stripper r, for freeing it from the punch inthe return motion of the latter, as described. i 4

4. The clutch, Figs. 7 and 8. constructed with a rim, f, on the inner periphery of the `female half, and an outward extension, g, on

the male half, in combination withthe shafts C and D, differential levers F G, and ram B, for operation as specified. Y

5. The sectional die, represented on Sheet 3, having itsshearingsides a a' supported by shoulders formed on the side pieces a." a'", and

theseside pieces supported onthe ends of t, and eccentric sleeve t, or of two eccentric sleeves, withthe worm-wheels z' z" and worms jj', geared `together for operating said'eccentrics simultaneously in reverseV directions, for the purpose specified. I

8. The combination of -the hanging Iframe k and dovetailed slides l, with the worm-wheels 'z' i', worms jj', andv eccentric jsleevs h h', or sleeve and boss, all. arranged for operation substantially as shown and described.

9. The holder P', in dovetailed connection with the ram B, provided with downward extensions grooved on theirunderface's to receive the bolts n, to secure theA knives p 5p' and the punch p" to the ram, as shown and described.

W.` H. IVENS.

Witnesses: Y i V CHARLES W. STREET, HENRY G. POWELL. 

